primary secondary containment action of confining within defined space a microbiological agent other entity

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Containment
The action of confining within a defined space a microbiological agent or other entity that is being cultured, stored, manipulated, transported, or destroyed in order to prevent or limit its contact with people and/or the environment. Methods to achieve containment include physical and biological barriers and inactivation using physical or chemical means.

1. Primary Containment. Addresses the protection of personnel and the immediate laboratory environment from exposure to infectious agents. It involves the use of closed containers or safety biological cabinets along with secure operating procedures.

2. Secondary Containment. A system of containment that prevents the escape of infectious agents into the environment external to the laboratory. It involves the use of rooms with specially designed air handling, the existence of airlocks and/or sterilizers for the exit of materials and secure operating procedures. In many cases it may add to the effectiveness of primary containment.

1. Appendix G - Physical Containment specifies physical containment for standard laboratory experiments and defines Biosafety Level 1 (BL1) through Biosafety Level 4 (BL4). (also see: Biosafety Level, and Table II - Section II - Comparison of Good Large Scale Practice (GLSP) and Biosafety Level (BL) - Large Scale (LS) Practice)

2. Appendix I - Biological Containment specifies levels of biological containment (host vector systems) for prokaryotes and defines Host Vector 1 Systems (HV1) and Host Vector 2 Systems (HV2). (also see: Host Vector (HV) System)

3. Appendix K - Physical Containment for Large Scale Uses of Organisms Containing Recombinant DNA Molecules specifies physical containment guidelines for large scale (over 10 liters) research or production involving viable organisms containing recombinant DNA molecules, and defines GLSP (Good Large Scale Practice) through Biosafety Level 3-LS (Large Scale). (also see: Biosafety Level, and Table II - Section II - Comparison of Good Large Scale Practice (GLSP) and Biosafety Level (BL) - Large Scale (LS) Practice)

4. Appendix P - Physical and Biological Containment for Recombinant DNA Research Involving Plants specifies physical and biological containment conditions and practices suitable to the greenhouse conduct of experiments involving recombinant DNA-containing plants, plant-associated microorganisms, and small animals, and defines Biosafety Level 1-Plants (BL1-P) through Biosafety Level 4-Plants (BL4-P).

5. Appendix Q - Physical and Biological Containment for Recombinant DNA Research Involving Animals specifies containment and confinement practices for research involving whole animals, both those in which the animal's genome has been altered by stable introduction of recombinant DNA, and experiments involving viable recombinant DNA-modified microorganisms tested on whole animals, and defines Biosafety Level 1-Animals (BL1-N) through Biosafety Level 4-Animals (BL4-N).